Traditional instrumental ensembles remain vital tools for preserving African cultural heritage. However, for the ikon (xylophone) ensemble in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria, there has been a dearth of systematic analytical works. This study, therefore, addresses this gap by examining how musical instruments in the ensemble function as a coordinated system of ‘musical role-play’ that reflects the social organisation and collective identity of the Akwa Ibom people. The objective was to analyse and document the distinct melodic, harmonic, rhythmic, and communicative roles of each xylophone and the accompanying percussion instruments within the ensemble. An ethnomusicological approach was adopted, which combined oral interviews with veteran performers and instrument makers, archival research, and participant observation of community performances. Findings reveal a hierarchical structure: the lead ikon provides melodic leadership and performance cues; the second lead, tenor, and bass ikon establish harmonic depth and rhythmic grounding; while the percussion section functions as a communicative network that sustains tempo, signals transitions, and synchronises dancers. These roles collectively enact a dynamic “musical conversation” that encodes social values of collaboration, hierarchy, and cultural continuity. By documenting these functions, the study contributes to the preservation of intangible heritage and enhances ethnomusicological understanding of African ensemble practices.
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